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日期：2021-06-21 10:37

COMP SCI 2201 & 7201 Algorithm and Data Structure Analysis Semester 1, 2021

Minimum Spanning Trees, Euler Path, Undecidable

Problems, and Turing Machines

Exercise 1 Kruskal’s Algorithm

Compute a minimum spanning for the following graph using Kruskal’s algorithm. Show

the status of your partial minimum spanning tree after each edge insertion and indicate

for each edge whether it is included in the minimum spanning tree.

Tutorial 5: Hashtables and Topological Sorting

General Instructions

You do not need to submit your solution. We will discuss the questions during the

workshop sessions in week 10.

Exercise 1 Hash Tables

1. Insert the key sequence 7, 18, 2, 3, 14, 25, 1, 11, 12, 1332 with hashing by chaining

in a hash table with size 11. Please show the final table by using the hash function

h(k) = k mod 11.

2. Please show the final table if we use linear probing instead.

3. Investigate by yourself what is “quadratic probing” and “double hashing”. Both

can be considered improved versions of linear probing. Please find out where they

improve upon linear probing.

Exercise 2 Single-source-shortest path problem in acyclic graphs

We consider the single-source-shortest path problem of a given directed graph G = (V,E)

with non-negative edge weights and a source node s. Furthermore, we assume that the

given graph G is acyclic, i. e. it does not contain a cycle.

? Give an algorithm (in pseudo-code) that solves the single-source-shortest path prob-

lem for a given acyclic graph in time O(m + n).

? Prove the correctness of your algorithm.

? Explain why your algorithm runs in time O(m + n).

End of Questions

Exercise 2 Euler tours of directed graphs

A Hamiltonian tour is a tour that visits every node of a strongly directed graph just once.

Determining if a Hamiltonian tour exists is an NP-Complete problem.

In contrast an Euler tour of a strongly connected directed graph G = (V,E) is a cycle

that traverses each edge of G exactly once, although it may visit a node more than once.

Answer the following questions:

? Show that G has an Euler tour if and only if the in-degree of every node v equals

the out degree of v.

? Describe an O(m) (where m is the number of edges in G) algorithm to find an Euler

tour of G if such a tour exists (Hint: Merge edge-disjoint cycles).

1

COMP SCI 2201 & 7201 Algorithm and Data Structure Analysis Semester 1, 2021

Exercise 3 We define the following program: Does program Q, given input y, print either

”Hello world” or ”Goodbye world” as its first output?

Use reduction to prove that the above program is undecidable.

Exercise 4 On https://turingmachine.io/, implement the Turing machine that tests

whether the input is a UoA ID. That is, whether the input starts with a, and is then

followed by 7 digits.

Tutorial 5: Hashtables and Topological Sorting

General Instructions

You do not need to submit your solution. We will discuss the questions during the

workshop sessions in week 10.

Exercise 1 Hash Tables

1. Insert the key sequence 7, 18, 2, 3, 14, 25, 1, 11, 12, 1332 with hashing by chaining

in a hash table with size 11. Please show the final table by using the hash function

h(k) = k mod 11.

2. Please show the final table if we use linear probing instead.

3. Investigate by yourself what is “quadratic probing” and “double hashing”. Both

can be considered improved versions of linear probing. Please find out where they

improve upon linear probing.

Exercise 2 Single-source-shortest path problem in acyclic graphs

We consider the single-source-shortest path problem of a given directed graph G = (V,E)

with non-negative edge weights and a source node s. Furthermore, we assume that the

given graph G is acyclic, i. e. it does not contain a cycle.

? Give an algorithm (in pseudo-code) that solves the single-source-shortest path prob-

lem for a given acyclic graph in time O(m + n).

? Prove the correctness of your algorithm.

? Explain why your algorithm runs in time O(m + n).

End of Questions